Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays

Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms George Washington’s presidency: Development of political parties Federalists: Hamilton Favored strong nat’l gov’t Democracy dangerous b/c ppl’s judgement constantly changing Manufacture/trade :) Supported by artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, urban workers, E. farmers NE support federalists Democratic-Republicans: TJ Agrarianism: strength of US was independent farmers Owning land allowed ppl to be independent, as long as had land, would fight to preserve Republic Feared emphasis on commerce would divided society between rich&poor Feared wealthy corrupt gov’t, threat right of ordinary ppl S&W support republicans Bill of Rights Hamilton’s Economic Plan â€Å"Necessary and proper† clause: elastic clause, make laws if needed to make gov’t stronger/efficient Judiciary Act of 1789: established 13 district courts, 3 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation: Neutrality of US during war of Br./Fr. Tariff of 1789: required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when landed in US, shippers also paid tonnage (tax based on how much ships carried) Bank of the United States Hamilton asks Congress to create national bank Argued gov’t need bank to manage debts/interest payments, would also issue paper money/bank notes to provide national currency to help economy S ppl opposed b/c N ppl own most of bank’s stock, Madison, TJ, Randolph opp. b/c creating bank not in enumerated powers Ham. Disagreed, using elastic clause (ability to make laws which r necessary/proper) Congress passed bill,Wash. Signed, Bank created 1791 Whiskey Rebellion: 1791 Congress imposed tax on whiskeyïÆ'   enraged farmers who distilled grains in whiskey before shippingïÆ'   Whiskey rebellion in W. Penn. 1794, farmers terrorized tax collectors, robbed mail, stopped court proceedingsïÆ'   Wash. Sent troops to stop, rebels disperse, ppl worried willingness to use troops against civilians Jay’s Treaty: Br. need US trade, vice versa, signed treaty, but Br. had right to seize cargo bound for Fr ports, didn’t get compensation for goods seized Br. agreed to internat’l arbitration (hearing by neut. 3rd countries), give up forts on amer terr., granted US most-favored nation status (amer no longer discriminated when trade w/ br., allowed limited trade w/ Br. colonies in Caribbean) When treaty sent to senate, terms shock senate, tried to keep secret, ratified, terms leaked to public, repub attack treaty, accuse fed of pro-br., GW approved treaty Pinckney’s Treaty: Jay treaty help concessions from Sp., 1795 sp. Join fr. Against br., sp. Fear treaty would make amer & br. join to seize Sp. N amer holdings, sp offered to negotiate issues w/ US GW sends Thomas Pinckney 1795: Sp. Sign Pinckney’s treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo) Grant us right to navigate Miss., deposit goods at new orl. Port, accepted broadly, esp. W. farmers, wanted Miss. to get crops to market Treaty of Greenville: Ppl go to NW territoryïÆ'  Miami chief Little Turtle unites other Indians to defend against whitesïÆ'  defeated Josiah Harmar & Arthur St. ClairïÆ'  GW sends Anthony Wayne to stopïÆ'   1794 wayne against Blue Jacket at Battle of Fallen Timbers, wayne winsïÆ'   natives sign treaty of Greenville (1795):give up part of S. Ohio & Indiana for yearly payment of $10 th. From gov’t, also gave up other landïÆ'   settlers increase John Adams’s presidency Impressment Br. take US sailors to sail on Br. ships Quasi-War: After XYZ affair, US :(, call for war w/ Fr.ïÆ'   June 1798, Congress suspend trade w/ Fr., direct navy to capture Fr. shipsïÆ'   undeclared sea war/Quasi-WarïÆ'   Fr. propose new negotiationsïÆ'   both signed Convention of 1800ïÆ'  US gave up claims against Fr. for US ship damage, Fr. release US from Treaty of 1778 Alien and Sedition Acts: Feds pushed for 4 lawsïÆ'   1st 3 aimed at aliens, recent immigrants often anti-Br., tended to vote for republicans 1st law: changed yrs to wait to become citizen 5ïÆ'  14 2nd

Use Archetypes to Create Literary Characters

Use Archetypes to Create Literary Characters Use Archetypes to Create Literary Characters Use Archetypes to Create Literary Characters By Mark Nichol In essence, any literary character is drawn from one or more archetypes. An archetype is basically the pattern for a character, associated with a trait or a concept. Archetypes are most easily recognized in genre fiction science fiction, fantasy, horror, thriller but they are applicable to any fiction, whether of high or low literary aspiration. The key is to select one or more archetypes as just the first step in character building. But there are many types of archetypes from various belief systems and other sources. Try, for example, associating a character with one of the figures from the Chinese zodiac boar, dog, dragon, horse, goat, monkey, ox, rabbit, rat, rooster, snake, and tiger each of which is endowed with a complex array of both positive and negative traits (which I’ll let you research for yourself). For that matter, what’s your character’s (Western) astrological sign? (You don’t have to believe in astrology or any other belief system to derive characters from it.) Alternatively, draw on mythology, legends, fairy tales, or folklore, or existing literature, including Shakespearean characters, or on Tarot cards, for that matter. (The noncharacter cards can inspire you to develop the plot, too.) Here are some classic archetypes, including some based on Jungian psychology, to get you started: Child Guardian Herald Hermit Hero Hunter Judge Mentor Sage Shadow Shaman Sidekick Trickster Wanderer Note that there are often multiple subtypes. Heroes are especially variable: They can be loners, or collaborators, they can be willing, or unwilling, they can be comic, serious, or tragic, they can be cheerful, or cynical. Combinations of archetypes are easily achieved, too; a mentor can be a guardian, a hermit, a judge, a sage, a shaman, a trickster, or a wanderer as well, or two or more of the above. The personality enneagram, a nine-pointed array of personality types, might also be a useful reference for character building. The nine types follow: Achiever Enthusiast Helper Leader Loyalist Mediator Observer Reformer Romantic You can research enneagrammatic types further to identify their typical desires and fears, virtues and vices, and the like. Consider these psychological types based on the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator psychometric assessment: introversion/extroversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judgment/perception. (Everyone is a combination of both types in each pair, but in different ratios.) Also, evaluate your character on their relative affinity for other people, for things, and for information. Again, everyone has an aptitude for interpersonal relationships, for working with objects or devices, and for receiving, processing, and sending data, but they possess these talents to differing extents. What does your character’s people/things/information pie chart look like? Marketers, mechanics, and mathematicians are primarily people, things, and information oriented respectively, but their personalities include amounts of the other two elements as well. Have you employed any of these strategies to create characters? What are some others you can think of? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About Handsâ€Å"As Well As† Does Not Mean â€Å"And†Writing Styles (with Examples)