Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays

Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms Essays Chapter 4 Study Terms George Washington’s presidency: Development of political parties Federalists: Hamilton Favored strong nat’l gov’t Democracy dangerous b/c ppl’s judgement constantly changing Manufacture/trade :) Supported by artisans, merchants, manufacturers, bankers, urban workers, E. farmers NE support federalists Democratic-Republicans: TJ Agrarianism: strength of US was independent farmers Owning land allowed ppl to be independent, as long as had land, would fight to preserve Republic Feared emphasis on commerce would divided society between rich&poor Feared wealthy corrupt gov’t, threat right of ordinary ppl S&W support republicans Bill of Rights Hamilton’s Economic Plan â€Å"Necessary and proper† clause: elastic clause, make laws if needed to make gov’t stronger/efficient Judiciary Act of 1789: established 13 district courts, 3 courts of appeal, and the Supreme Court Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation: Neutrality of US during war of Br./Fr. Tariff of 1789: required importers to pay a percentage of the value of their cargo when landed in US, shippers also paid tonnage (tax based on how much ships carried) Bank of the United States Hamilton asks Congress to create national bank Argued gov’t need bank to manage debts/interest payments, would also issue paper money/bank notes to provide national currency to help economy S ppl opposed b/c N ppl own most of bank’s stock, Madison, TJ, Randolph opp. b/c creating bank not in enumerated powers Ham. Disagreed, using elastic clause (ability to make laws which r necessary/proper) Congress passed bill,Wash. Signed, Bank created 1791 Whiskey Rebellion: 1791 Congress imposed tax on whiskeyïÆ'   enraged farmers who distilled grains in whiskey before shippingïÆ'   Whiskey rebellion in W. Penn. 1794, farmers terrorized tax collectors, robbed mail, stopped court proceedingsïÆ'   Wash. Sent troops to stop, rebels disperse, ppl worried willingness to use troops against civilians Jay’s Treaty: Br. need US trade, vice versa, signed treaty, but Br. had right to seize cargo bound for Fr ports, didn’t get compensation for goods seized Br. agreed to internat’l arbitration (hearing by neut. 3rd countries), give up forts on amer terr., granted US most-favored nation status (amer no longer discriminated when trade w/ br., allowed limited trade w/ Br. colonies in Caribbean) When treaty sent to senate, terms shock senate, tried to keep secret, ratified, terms leaked to public, repub attack treaty, accuse fed of pro-br., GW approved treaty Pinckney’s Treaty: Jay treaty help concessions from Sp., 1795 sp. Join fr. Against br., sp. Fear treaty would make amer & br. join to seize Sp. N amer holdings, sp offered to negotiate issues w/ US GW sends Thomas Pinckney 1795: Sp. Sign Pinckney’s treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo) Grant us right to navigate Miss., deposit goods at new orl. Port, accepted broadly, esp. W. farmers, wanted Miss. to get crops to market Treaty of Greenville: Ppl go to NW territoryïÆ'  Miami chief Little Turtle unites other Indians to defend against whitesïÆ'  defeated Josiah Harmar & Arthur St. ClairïÆ'  GW sends Anthony Wayne to stopïÆ'   1794 wayne against Blue Jacket at Battle of Fallen Timbers, wayne winsïÆ'   natives sign treaty of Greenville (1795):give up part of S. Ohio & Indiana for yearly payment of $10 th. From gov’t, also gave up other landïÆ'   settlers increase John Adams’s presidency Impressment Br. take US sailors to sail on Br. ships Quasi-War: After XYZ affair, US :(, call for war w/ Fr.ïÆ'   June 1798, Congress suspend trade w/ Fr., direct navy to capture Fr. shipsïÆ'   undeclared sea war/Quasi-WarïÆ'   Fr. propose new negotiationsïÆ'   both signed Convention of 1800ïÆ'  US gave up claims against Fr. for US ship damage, Fr. release US from Treaty of 1778 Alien and Sedition Acts: Feds pushed for 4 lawsïÆ'   1st 3 aimed at aliens, recent immigrants often anti-Br., tended to vote for republicans 1st law: changed yrs to wait to become citizen 5ïÆ'  14 2nd